Johnny Mercer life and biography

John Herndon "Johnny" Mercer was an American lyricist, songwriter and singer. He is best known as a lyricist, but he also composed music. He was also a popular singer who recorded his own songs as well as those written by others. From the mid-1930s through the mid-1950s, many of the songs Mercer wrote and performed were among the most popular hits of the time. He wrote the lyrics to more than fifteen hundred songs, including compositions for movies and Broadway shows. He received nineteen Academy Award nominations, and won four. Mercer was also a co-founder of Capitol Records.

Johnny Mercer wrote lyrics or music for more than 1,000 songs in a career spanning nearly 50 years, making him one of the most successful songwriters of the twentieth century. One of the most versatile lyricists ever, he penned catchy words for everything from bouncy numbers ("Goody Goody") and mysterious mood setters ("That Old Black Magic") to romantic love songs ("Moon River"). During the 1930s and 1940s Mercer was also a popular singer who performed on a number of radio shows with top bands. He was a master at the business of music as well, as evidenced by his co-founding of the highly successful Capitol Records.

Well-turned Mercer phrases for such classics as "Too Marvelous for Words," "Hooray for Hollywood," "Fools Rush In," and scores of other songs have been forever locked into the memories of millions of listeners. Mercer also wrote memorable melodies for such songs as "I'm an Old Cowhand," "Dream," and "Something's Gotta' Give," composing them by using one finger on the piano because he couldn't read a note of music.

Mercer was once quoted as saying that his songwriting success was due to his "feeling for tunes, no matter where they come from." This "feeling" helped him forge effective partnerships with a wide variety of composers over the years, among them Hoagy Carmichael, Jerome Kern, Harold Arlen, Henry Mancini, Rube Bloom, and Michel Legrand. The long and distinguished list of performers who made hit songs of the words and melodies of Johnny Mercer includes Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Billie Holiday, Andy Williams, Peggy Lee, and Tony Bennett.

An unpublished ditty clled "Sister Susie, Strut Your Stuff," written when he was 15, was Mercer's first known attempt at songwriting. His first desire was to be a star on the stage, and he joined a theater group in his hometown of Savannah, Georgia, while still a teenager. After his group won a one-act play competition in the Belasco Cup in New York City, Mercer decided to stay in New York and try to make it on Broadway.

Mercer managed to land a few small parts during the late 1920s in Volpone, Marco Millions, and Houseparty. During this time, and on into the 1930s, he also worked at a music publishing company and continued his songwriting. After auditioning for the Garrick Gaieties in 1929 without landing a part, Mercer offered his and Everett Miller's "Out of Breath and Scared to Death" to the show, and it was sung by Sterling Holloway. The song was a minor success but didn't create a demand for Mercer's other songs in the months that followed. He continued working at various jobs to support himself, including as a runner on Wall Street.

Mercer's singing helped him get on the fast track. After winning a contest for unknown singers staged by Paul Whiteman, one of the leading bandleaders of the time, Mercer was hired as a featured vocalist, emcee, and songwriter for Whiteman's orchestra. A key element of Mercer's popularity as a crooner was "a dry Southern drawl that gave his singing a distinctively good-natured character," according to The Oxford Companion to Popular Music.

Whiteman put his singer-songwriter in touch with Hoagy Carmichael, who at that time was having trouble writing a song. Mercer came to the rescue with his lyrics for "Lazybones," which became his first big hit. According to John S. Wilson in the New York Times, this song "drew on his [Mercer's] Southern background in a way that was to prove effective throughout his career." Indeed, many of Mercer's most popular numbers had an easygoing, down-home charm that reflected his early years down South.

By 1934 Mercer was one of the most successful lyricists in the United States. His recorded duets with Jack Teagarden--Whiteman's jazz trombonist--led to an offer from RKO Pictures in 1935 to write songs, as well as sing and act in movies. Mercer's movie star potential, however, proved to be dim, and he would only appear in two films.

However, his songwriting fame soared, thanks to Bing Crosby who sang a number of his songs in the 1936 film Rhythm on the Range. Mercer's popularity with movie fans grew throughout the 1930s with tunes such as "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby," "Jeepers Creepers," and "Love Is Where You Find It."

After co-writing songs with Richard Whiting for Hollywood Hotel, a 1937 film featuring Benny Goodman's orchestra, Mercer became a singer on Goodman's Camel Caravan radio show. He also sang on radio with Bob Crosby's orchestra. His steady climb up the musical ladder in the early 1940s led to hosting his own radio show, Johnny Mercer's Music Shop. In 1940 Mercer collaborated with Hoagy Carmichael on his first musical, Walk with Music, but the show had a very short run on Broadway.

Not content to merely add more popular songs to his resume, Mercer teamed up with businessman Glen Wallichs and songwriter-film producer Buddy de Sylva to found Capitol Records in 1942. It was not the best time to start a record company, since the shellac material used to make records was being rationed during World War II. Starting by producing records pressed partly from recycled scrap records, the company's first ventures were Mercer's "Strip Polka, and Freddie Slack and Ella Mae Morse's "Cow-Cow Boogie."

It wasn't long, however, before Capitol Records had signed up budding stars Stan Kenton, Jo Stafford, the King Cole Trio, and Margaret Whiting. In 1946, with Mercer serving as president, the company sold 42 million records, one-sixth of the total record sales in the United States. Capitol was also the first record company to provide disk jockeys with free promotional records, as well as the first to utilize all three turntable speeds.

Broadway became fertile ground for Mercer in the 1940s. He contributed lyrics to Arlen's score for St. Louis Woman in 1946 and Robert Emmett Dolan's Texas L'il Darlin in 1949. He also won his first Academy Award, with composer Harry Warren, for "On the Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe," sung by Judy Garland in The Harvey Girls. By the end of the 1940s Mercer had logged up over 250 published songs and nearly 60 hits.

Mercer showed no let-up in giving the public the songs they wanted in the 1950s, and he had his greatest success with musical shows during that period. He earned credits for both music and lyrics for 1951's Top Banana, which starred Phil Silvers, and he had major successes in collaborations with Gene DePaul on Seven Brides for Seven Brothers in 1954 and L'il Abner in 1956. He also penned words to songs in the film Here's to My Lady, and two Fred Astaire vehicles, The Belle of New York and Daddy Longlegs.

A generous spirit was revealed by Mercer in 1959 when he received a song idea from Sadie Vimmerstedt, an Ohio cosmetician who sent him the line, "I want to be around to pick up the pieces when somebody's breaking your heart." After fashioning a song around the contribution, Mercer gave Vimmerstedt a co-author credit that earned her about $3000 a year after the song became a hit for Tony Bennett in 1963.

In the 1960s Henry Mancini proved another valuable songwriting partner for Mercer as the pair earned Academy awards for "Moon River" and "The Days of Wine and Roses." Mancini and Mercer also wrote songs for two other movies, The Great Race and Darling Lili. Composer Andre Previn became yet another collaborator when Mercer shifted his base of operation to Britain for extended periods in the early 1970s, and the two teamed up for the musical The Good Companions in 1974.

Mercer remained active right up to suffering a brain tumor in late 1975. His death marked the end of an incredible stretch of success in a business known for fleeting fame. A precious rarity in the music industry, Johnny Mercer managed to stay in style and continue stirring listeners through four decades of continually evolving musical tastes.

Selective Works:
-(With Jo Stafford, Paul Weston, and Jack Teagarden) Johnny Mercer's Music Shop, Artistic, 1943-44.
-(With Bobby Darin) Two of a Kind, Atco, 1961.
-Audio Scrapbook, Magic/Submarine, 1974.
-Two Marvelous for Words: Capitol Sings Johnny Mercer, Capito, 1992.

Compositions:
-Selected songs As lyricist "Too Marvelous for Words."
"Ac-Cent-Tu-Ate the Positive."
"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby."
"On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe."
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening."
"Goody Goody."
"Moon River."
"The Days of Wine and Roses."
"Jeepers Creepers."
"That Old Black Magic."
"Fools Rush In."
"Tangerine."

As composer and lyricist "Dream."
"I'm an Old Cowhand."
"Something's Gotta Give."

Selected musicals As lyricist (Co-writer of lyrics) Walk With Music, 1940.
(With Harold Arlen) St. Louis Woman, 1946.
(With Robert Emmett Dolan) Texas L'il Darlin, 1949.
(And composer) Top Banana, 1951.
(With Gene DePaul) Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, 1954.
(With DePaul) L'il Abner, 1956.
(With Robert Emmett Dolan) Foxy, 1964.
(With Andre Previn) The Good Companions, 1974.

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